We have optimised and validated pre-clinical conditions for rodents (running as aerobic exercise) using a modified and fabricated human treadmill that can be designed and employed as both acute and chronVirgin base oils that are used to formulate metalworking fluids (MWFs) are often evaluated as part of occupational safety, and product stewardship by health-and-safety regulatory bodies such as Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Most notably passing specific carcinogenicity and toxicity testing is generally required to be deemed as safe for industrial worker exposure.